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The primary case research in our Social Housing Revival collection seems at a housing block in Vienna organised round a central “widespread coronary heart” that harks again to town’s golden age of municipal development.
Designed by native practices Berger + Parkkinen and Querkraft Architekten, Seestadt Aspern Housing was accomplished in 2015 for housing cooperative EGB.
The block, generally known as D12, offers 213 flats, eight retailers and neighborhood services in Vienna’s new district of Seestadt Aspern, certainly one of Europe’s largest city growth initiatives.
Due for completion in 2030, this new district will present houses for 20,000 folks and 20,000 workplaces, organised throughout 240 hectares round a man-made lake on the positioning of a former airfield.
Organized in a collection of timber-clad blocks with projecting concrete balconies round an inside courtyard, D12 was conceived by Berger + Parkkinen and Querkraft Architekten as a continuation and growth of Vienna’s wealthy social housing legacy.
Vienna’s efficient method to social housing provision, typically termed the Vienna Mannequin, has lengthy set it aside from every other metropolis on the planet, and has seen it named world’s most habitable metropolis by The Economist journal a number of instances.
1 / 4 of Vienna’s residents are social tenants, and nearly all of folks within the metropolis dwell in houses constructed on land that’s publicly owned or owned by cooperatives to discourage hypothesis.
The beginnings of this housing mannequin have been throughout a interval of socialist management between 1918 and 1934 generally known as “Crimson Vienna”, throughout which new taxation on luxuries was launched to fund the development of inexpensive public housing for staff.
The huge complexes constructed throughout this era, equivalent to the enduring Karl Marx-Hof, have been generally known as Gemeindebauten or “communal buildings” – a mirrored image of their function in offering not solely housing however the entire services a neighborhood would possibly want.
In Vienna, it’s a legacy that looms giant for these creating new social housing, and past it’s typically cited as a blueprint for the way different European cities would possibly sort out quickly worsening crises within the provision of inexpensive and social housing.
“The fascination of big housing models, together with all that’s needed for the neighborhood from small retailers, childcare, areas to satisfy and social gathering as much as cultural services, as constructed within the Twenties and 30s, is big,” Berger + Parkkinen founder Alfred Berger advised Dezeen.
“When designing a venture like Seestadt Aspen D12 these are inspiring examples – to beat the concept of procuring flats for folks with out organising a wider body, with out pondering of how the constructing will carry out by way of social qualities,” he continued.
When it comes to their design, the developments of Crimson Vienna rejected the prevailing modernist penchant for remoted slab and level blocks, as a substitute creating new street-fronts and public areas that sought to combine with town’s historic structure.
Whereas the brownfield web site of the Seestadt Aspen growth has no speedy context on which to attract, it nonetheless demonstrates a continued curiosity in central Vienna’s historic structure, specifically the courtyard typology.
At plot D12, this was a typology that Berger + Parkkinen and Querkraft Architekten needed to develop, trying to additional combine the block with the encompassing streets.
Breaking the plan up into seven blocks organized in parallel to at least one one other, the complicated encloses its central courtyard extra loosely, providing quite a few routes to and from the encompassing metropolis and extra gradual transitions between private and non-private areas.
“The interior courtyards [of the Gemeindebauten] have been definitely a robust picture for our ambitions, nevertheless it wanted extra,” Berger defined.
“It wanted a fancy interaction between personal, semi-private and public areas, with clever positioning of widespread providers like laundry rooms subsequent to gymnastics and playrooms,” he added.
This central, semi-public courtyard – dubbed the “canyon” by the studio – offers an area for residents to “expertise neighborhood”, with assembly areas and play areas for youngsters missed by a stepped seating space and lined by sloping timber-clad partitions.
The complicated is raised atop a basement automobile park and a ground-floor degree of economic and neighborhood areas, completed with full-height home windows to create a “shopfront” to the road and a concrete partitions which might be coated with steel mesh for rising vegetation.
A collection of entry routes combining staircases, inside “streets” and raised walkways sew collectively every space of the complicated, which purpose to forestall the event of “corridor-like routes” and as a substitute supply possibilities for interplay.
“To keep away from monotony and anonymity, we determined to chop up the system into identifiable models with acquainted dimensions, making a sub cluster throughout the larger cluster of the entry decks,” stated Berger.
“The courtyard lastly brings all of it collectively. It serves as a transition between personal, semiprivate and public area,” he added.
Every block is constructed round a concrete body, with highly-insulated exterior partitions of prefabricated wooden which might be completed with larch planks.
The body construction permits for larger freedom within the facades. Dealing with the road, extruded concrete types create sheltered balconies, whereas going through the interior courtyard bigger, open-topped balconies present area for seating areas and rising vegetation.
Inside, every of those blocks shares a linear association of flats round circulation cores, with a primary construction permitting for a excessive degree of flexibility when laying out the flats.
A part of this flexibility was about catering for all kinds of residents and existence quite than assuming that social housing is for a specific sort of resident, as has at all times been part of Vienna’s method.
“In our apply, we’ve been fortunate to contribute housing initiatives on varied social ranges, like subsidised housing, non-subsidised middle-class housing, but additionally some luxurious housing,” stated Berger.
“We predict that working throughout social boundaries is useful to develop architectural expression that avoids the entice of daring social coding, and quite seeks for a cultural hyperlink,” he concluded.
The pictures is by Herta Hurnhaus.
Social Housing Revival
This text is a part of Dezeen’s Social Housing Revival collection exploring the brand new wave of high quality social housing being constructed world wide, and asking whether or not a return to social house-building at scale may help remedy affordability points and homelessness in our main cities.
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