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Daisy-like chrysanthemums, Chrysanthemum spp., aka mums, are herbaceous perennials. Most are suited to cultivation in USDA Hardiness Zones 5 to 9.
They like full solar, common two to 3 ft tall, and are available varied colours, together with inexperienced, lavender, pink, purple, pink, rust, white, and yellow.
We hyperlink to distributors that can assist you discover related merchandise. In the event you purchase from one in all our hyperlinks, we might earn a fee.
Our information to rising chrysanthemums discusses cultivation within the dwelling backyard.
It is usually value noting that some forms of chrysanthemums include pyrethrins, pure insecticidal compounds that deter some pests whereas attracting different helpful bugs.
You may learn extra about the advantages of mums within the backyard in our information.
This text introduces 13 forms of pests identified to prey upon chrysanthemums. Learn on and learn to acknowledge and handle them.
Right here’s our lineup:
13 Widespread Chrysanthemum Pests
The next undesirable bugs might go to the chrysanthemums in your outside dwelling area to shelter, mate, and feed their younger, inflicting injury within the course of.
Every entry highlights bodily traits, doubtless injury, and remediation measures.
Let’s bounce proper in!
1. Aphids
Chrysanthemum aphids, Macrosiphoniella sanborni, are sapsucking pests that feed totally on terminal flower buds and younger foliage.
Adults are shiny and darkish brown, both winged or wingless. Younger nymphs are brick pink and wingless.
A novel function of the species is that there aren’t any males, and the females reproduce asexually.
They’re usually carriers of chrysanthemum vein mottle virus and chrysanthemum virus B, for which no healing measures exist.
The inexperienced peach aphid, Myzus persicae, melon/cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii, and root aphids, Pemphigus species, are extra species that will feed upon crops.
Aphid colours fluctuate and embrace black, inexperienced, pink, white, yellow.
Indicators of infestation embrace bugs stacked one upon the opposite, whitish flakes from shed skins, and sticky waste secretions known as “honeydew.” There may additionally be sooty mould, because it grows readily on honeydew.
Aphids might not do sufficient injury to impair blooming, however massive infestations could cause leaf anomalies like curling and yellowing, broken shoots, and stunted progress.
Spray affected crops firmly with a hose to dislodge the pests or deal with them with an insecticidal cleaning soap for essentially the most negligible influence on helpful pollinators.
Bonide® Insecticidal Cleaning soap
Bonide® Insecticidal Cleaning soap is out there from Arbico Organics. Word that it could hurt aquatic invertebrates.
This product is secure to make use of indoors and outdoor and is available in 12- and 32-ounce ready-to-spray bottles.
Neem oil is one other natural choice.
Bonide® Neem Oil
It’s an efficient fungicide, insecticide, and miticide. And whereas it’s secure for indoor and outside use, it could adversely have an effect on helpful pollinators.
Bonide® Neem Oil is out there from Arbico Organics.
Select a ready-to-use quart or gallon, or a pint of focus.
Please see our information to aphids for extra data on managing these pests.
2. Beetles
There are quite a few forms of beetles with feeding habits that injury stems, shoots, roots, leaves, flowers, and buds.
Those almost certainly to adversely have an effect on chrysanthemums are:
- Blister beetles, Epicauta spp.
- Fuller rose beetles, Pantomorus cervinus
- Rose chafers, Macrodactylus subspinosis
- Noticed cucumber beetles, Diabrotica undecimpunctata
Beetles have a tough shell and two units of wings. The primary are agency and stationary, and the second afford flight.
Wilting and leaves with holes chewed by way of them might signify the presence of undesirable beetles.
Handpicking and dropping beetles into sudsy water, and utilizing traps and lures, are efficient eradication strategies when began early.
Cucumber Beetle Entice and Lure
Cucumber beetle traps and lures are out there from Arbico Organics.
Every bundle accommodates two traps and two lures. Prepared to make use of, this product consists of yellow sticky traps and pheromone lures.
3. Caterpillars
A number of the identical caterpillars that wreak havoc on crops may additionally feed upon chrysanthemums, together with:
- Cabbage loopers, Trichoplusia ni
- Corn earworms, Heliothis zea
- European corn borers, Ostrinia nubilalis
- Cutworms, Noctuidae household
- Leaf rollers, Tortricidae household
Cabbage looper moths are mottled brown and the larvae are inexperienced with white stripes. They make tiny holes in leaf undersides.
Corn earworm moths are gray-brown. Within the larval stage, they might be black, greenish-brown, maroon, tan, or pink, with darkish stripes alongside their backs and yellow-spotted heads. They’re identified for leaving plenty of “frass” or darkish excrement behind after they feed on plant tissue.
European corn borer moths are yellowish-brown. The larvae are cream to grey with tiny brown circles alongside their our bodies. Their feeding disfigures buds, flowers, and stems.
Grownup cutworm moths are brown or black with black, brown, grey, or white markings.
Cutworm larvae fluctuate broadly and could also be black, brown, grey, pink, or tan, shiny or easy, and noticed or striped. A novel attribute is that the larvae curl right into a “C” form when disturbed. They chew down new shoots or chew holes in leaves.
Grownup leafroller moths are darkish brown. The larvae are inexperienced or brown with black or brown heads. They roll leaves collectively, be part of them with silken threads, stay contained in the cavity, and feed on the foliage.
Handpick and drop the pests into sudsy water. Comply with up with an software of horticultural neem oil talked about above.
4. Foliar Nematodes
Foliar nematodes, Aphelenchoides species, are microscopic, worm-like plant parasites.
These almost certainly to have an effect on chrysanthemums are Aphelenchoides ritzema-bosi. They’re laborious to detect and not possible to eradicate.
Foliar nematodes trigger progress anomalies and distinct patches of brown with straight edges alongside leaf veins.
This affected tissue dies and falls away, leaving obvious holes behind. In superior infestations, the injury extends past the foliage, and flowers fail to bloom.
Dig up and discard affected crops within the trash.
5. Fungus Gnats
Fungus gnats, Bradysia species, usually tend to have an effect on an excessively moist potted plant than one with correct drainage or these rising within the floor.
Their larvae are sometimes current in potting soil on the time of buy. The adults are grayish-black flies, and the larvae are white or clear with a black head.
Fungus gnat larvae feed on roots and should carry pathogens that trigger damping off, a illness that causes the sudden dying of seedlings.
They’re merely a nuisance round mature crops with well-developed root methods as a result of the grownup flies hover round affected crops.
To deal with, take away and substitute the highest inch or two of potting soil, and sprinkle food-grade diatomaceous earth excessive. This pure pesticide is a desiccant and deterrent derived from the skeletons of aquatic organisms.
Inserting yellow sticky traps close to crops can be an efficient approach to lure adults and eradicate an infestation.
Let the potting soil dry utterly earlier than watering once more to deprive the gnats of the moisture they thrive in.
Yellow Insect Traps
Place the traps near crops to catch flying grownup fungus gnats. Word that there’s a threat of catching helpful bugs, too.
Yellow insect traps are out there from Arbico Organics.
Select from packages of 5, 10, 25, 50 or 100.
You’ll discover extra on fungus gnats in our information.
6. Lace Bugs
Chrysanthemum lace bugs, Corythucha marmorata, are sapsucking bugs with flattened, elongated, pale yellow to clear our bodies.
They feed voraciously on the undersides of leaves, impairing photosynthesis and resulting in foliar decline.
Indicators of their presence are seen on the higher sides of the leaves within the type of yellowing, and an accumulation of brown excrement and clear pores and skin fragments.
Early insecticidal cleaning soap or horticultural neem oil therapy might thwart an all-out infestation.
Our information to lace bugs has extra particulars.
7. Leaf Miners
Leaf miners, mainly the chrysanthemum leaf miner, Chromatomyia syngenesiae, in addition to the American serpentine leaf miner, Liriomyza trifolii, and pea leaf miner, L. huidobrensis, are doubtless culprits.
The grownup chrysanthemum leaf miner is a grey to black fly. Its cream-colored larvae burrow by way of the foliage, leaving unpleasant, whitish, winding trails.
However with any kind of leaf miner infestation, the paths they go away behind are the telltale signal, relatively than recognizing the pests themselves.
Neem oil is an efficient therapy. Merchandise containing spinosad, a naturally derived pesticide from soil micro organism, are efficient however probably lethal to bees and different helpful bugs.
Our information to managing leaf miners has extra data.
8. Mealybugs
Mexican mealybugs, Phenacoccus gossypii, are sapsuckers that feed on plant juices, inflicting chrysanthemum foliage to be deformed, stunted, and wilted.
Honeydew excretions promote sooty mould proliferation.
Grownup females are oval, grey to white, and wooly wanting. Males are tan and winged. Larvae are yellowish.
Common therapies with insecticidal cleaning soap assist to handle infestations.
See our information to mealybugs for extra data.
9. Midges
The white larvae of chrysanthemum gall midges, Rhopalomyia chrysanthemi (syn. Diarthronomyia chrysamthemi) and D. hypogaea, burrow into the foliage to feed.
Their disruption of plant tissue causes cone-like galls, leaf deformities, and stunting.
Grownup flies are small, like fungus gnats, with reddish to orange-yellow our bodies.
Take away affected foliage. Pesticides are ineffective.
10. Mites
If mites are an issue, they’re doubtless cyclamen mites, Steneotarsonemus pallidus, and/or two-spotted spider mites, Tetranychus urticae, sapsuckers that feed on plant juices.
Cyclamen mites are pinkish-orange spider-like arachnids not seen to the bare eye. They stunt and wither chrysanthemum flowers and foliage.
Two-spotted spider mites are nearly-microscopic spiderlike arachnids that current on the undersides of the leaves.
They appear to be rounded, shiny spiders and could also be grey, inexperienced, or yellow, with two darkish spots. Early-season females could also be pink or orange.
Two-spotted spider mites trigger pale dot stippling that merges and causes foliar discoloration. Leaf undersides could also be web-covered.
Though the mites are laborious to see, their cast-off pores and skin, excrement, and webbing make a uninteresting, tough, readily seen coating on the chrysanthemum foliage.
Deal with mites by aiming a stream of water at affected areas and comply with up with functions of a miticide, like insecticidal cleaning soap or horticultural oil, as wanted.
11. Thrips
Thrips are winged sapsuckers that disfigure foliage by feeding on it, inflicting it to look stippled, streaked, or silvery.
Black excrement is one other telltale signal of infestation. Superior infestations could cause stunted progress.
Most nymphs and adults are black, brown, white, or yellow, and a few have spots, relying on the species.
People who might pose the best risk are chrysanthemum thrips, Thrips nigropilosus, and greenhouse thrips, Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis.
A robust spray with the hose, adopted by functions of horticultural oil, could also be all it’s good to fight these pests.
See our information to thrips for detailed administration data.
12. Different True Bugs
Heteroptera, aka the “true bugs,” is a suborder of bugs with particular traits, together with sucking mouthparts to eat plant or animal tissue, a hardened head underside known as a “gula,” and overlapping forewings.
They could bounce or fly, and their colours fluctuate broadly.
Heteroptera is a singular suborder throughout the bigger Hemiptera order of true bugs. Nevertheless, not all true bugs throughout the broader order have mouthparts used to suck animal or plant tissue and a hardened head underside.
The Hemiptera order consists of cicadas and grasshoppers, in addition to a number of different pests additionally described right here – aphids and whiteflies in addition to lace bugs, the latter of which additionally belong to the Heteroptera suborder.
Further Heteroptera true bugs not described elsewhere on this information which are almost certainly to have an effect on chrysanthemums are:
- 4-lined plant bugs, Poecilocapsus lineatus
- Harlequin bugs, Murgantia histrionica
- Meadow spittlebugs, aka meadow froghoppers, Philaenus spumarius
- Tarnished plant bugs, Lygus lineolaris
These bugs suck juices from foliage, leaving it discolored, stippled, and lined in excrement.
Spittlebugs have a singular attribute: they excrete a bubbly, spit-like waste, making them straightforward to determine.
Injury prompted to chrysanthemums by these pests is unpleasant relatively than lethal, and insecticidal cleaning soap or horticultural oil is normally all it’s good to deal with affected crops.
13. Whiteflies
Whiteflies are milky-white sapsucking flies that don’t fly lengthy distances however relatively rise into the air en masse when startled, like a puff of powder.
They hatch on the undersides of leaves, the place they start to feed and go away honeydew behind, rendering crops susceptible to sooty mould.
These almost certainly to have an effect on chrysanthemums are greenhouse whiteflies, Trialeurodes vaproariorum.
They could be current on crops on the time of buy if they’ve been grown in an infested greenhouse.
Whitefly feeding damages foliage, turning it yellow and stunting progress. New leaves are most prone.
Use a agency hose spray to scrub them off foliage and comply with up inside functions of insecticidal cleaning soap as wanted.
See our information to whiteflies for extra data.
Magnificent Mums
Now that you just’re accustomed to 13 forms of pests, you’re prepared to examine your crops every day and take fast motion for those who detect their presence.
It might be useful to have a magnifying glass to look at foliage and the bugs that go to it to keep away from inadvertent hurt to helpful pollinators.
In the event you take away pest-damaged flora, bear in mind to get rid of it within the trash relatively than the compost heap.
At season’s finish, prune the dried stems all the way down to a peak of three inches above the crown, the place the stems and roots meet. Clear the particles to keep away from harboring harmful pests and pathogens.
With vigilant pest administration, chrysanthemums present an impressive late-season show.
How are your mums this 12 months? Have you ever needed to deal with them? Please share your expertise within the feedback part beneath.
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